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← Session 28 — ii′-5e: partial-fraction identity (zero series + F entire)

#1501 assistant 2026-08-23 15:43:17.385 UTC · 10451→2975 tok open ⤢
thinking (6309 chars)
Wait — there's a design bug in Fexpr_eventually_neg_two_mul: the hlog derivation is convoluted (I extract the pointwise equality from the Eventually via Metric.eventually_nhdsWithin_iff, but my handling of the ε vs dist case has an exfalso branch that's wrong — if ε ≤ dist s (−2n) then s is NOT in the punctured ball of radius ε... but s IS at distance < 1; the Eventually's ε is FIXED — I can't assume dist < ε. The right approach: hWtrivEq : ∀ᶠ s in 𝓝[≠] (−2n), logDeriv ζ s − mult/(s−ρ₀) = Wtriv s. I need the equality at the SPECIFIC point s. The Eventually gives a ball ε. My s is at distance < 1, but maybe ≥ ε! Fix: choose the outer radius to be min(1, ε)? I don't have ε upfront — obtain hWtrivEq's ball FIRST, then set the outer radius := min 1 ε: ```lean obtain ⟨Wtriv, hWtriv, hWtrivEq⟩ := logDeriv_zeta_sub_mult_div_eventually hζ hne1 rw [Metric.eventually_nhdsWithin_iff] at hWtrivEq obtain ⟨ε, hε, hWtrivEq⟩ := hWtrivEq -- ∀ y, dist y (−2n) < ε → y ≠ −2n → ... ... refine ⟨min 1 ε, by positivity... / lt_min (by norm_num) hε, fun s hs => ?_⟩ then dist s < 1 ✓ (s/2-ball) and dist < ε ✓ (the logDeriv equality) ``` That's the clean restructure. Also the hlog block's cast-juggling at the end is messy: h3 : logDeriv ζ s − (zeroMult (−2n):ℂ)/(s − −2n) = Wtriv s; rw [hmult] at h3 gives (↑1:ℂ)?? zeroMult returns ℕ; (zeroMult (−2n) : ℂ) — after rw [hmult]: ((1:ℕ):ℂ)/(s − −2n): Nat.cast_one: (1:ℂ)/...: then e : s − −2↑n = s + 2↑n: rw [e] at h3: then h3 : logDeriv ζ s − ↑(1:ℕ)/(s + 2↑n) = Wtriv s: Nat.cast_one at h3: (1:ℂ): then linear_combination h3' — my convoluted convert is unnecessary: ```lean have hlog : logDeriv riemannZeta s = Wtriv s + 1 / (s + 2 * (n : ℂ)) := by have h3 := hWtrivEq s (Metric.mem_ball.mpr (by linarith [Metric.mem_ball.mp hs.1] : dist s (-2*(n:ℂ)) < ε)) hs0 -- wait hs.1 : s ∈ ball (−2n) (min 1 ε): dist < min 1 ε < ε ✓ rw [hmult, Nat.cast_one] at h3 have e : s - -2 * (n : ℂ) = s + 2 * (n : ℂ) := by ring rw [e] at h3 linear_combination h3 ``` h3 : logDeriv ζ s − (1:ℂ)/(s + 2↑n) = Wtriv s; goal logDeriv ζ s = Wtriv s + 1/(s + 2↑n): linear_combination h3 ✓ (atoms fine). Also the final `linear_combination h1` — let me double check the algebra: goal after rw [hlog, hdig]: LHS: (Wtriv s + 1/(s+2n)) − seriesFun s + 1/s + 1/(s−1) − c + (−1/(s/2+n) + Hsub n (s/2))/2 RHS: Wtriv s − seriesFun s + 1/s + 1/(s−1) − c + Hsub n (s/2)/2 Difference: 1/(s+2n) + (−1/(s/2+n))/2 vs 0: need 1/(s+2n) − 1/(s/2+n)/2 = 0 ⟺ 1/(s/2+n)/2 = 1/(s+2n): 1/(s/2+n) = 2/(s+2n) ✓ (s/2+n = (s+2n)/2). My h1 : −1/(s/2+n)/2 = −1/(s+2n) — check: −1/(s/2+n)/2 = −(1/(s/2+n))/2 = −(2/(s+2n))/2 = −1/(s+2n) ✓. So linear_combination h1: LHS − RHS = 1/(s+2n) + (−1/(s/2+n))/2 = 1/(s+2n) − 1/(s+2n) = 0 ✓ — linear_combination h1 proves LHS = RHS if LHS − RHS − (h1LHS − h1RHS) = 0 by ring: (1/(s+2n) + (−1/(s/2+n))/2) − (−1/(s/2+n)/2 − −1/(s+2n)) = 1/(s+2n) + X/2 − X/2 − 1/(s+2n) = 0 where X = −1/(s/2+n)... wait h1 : −1/(s/2+n)/2 = −1/(s+2n): h1LHS − h1RHS = −1/(s/2+n)/2 + 1/(s+2n). LHS − RHS = 1/(s+2n) + (−1/(s/2+n))/2 = 1/(s+2n) − 1/(s/2+n)/2. Hmm is 1/(s+2n) − 1/(s/2+n)/2 = h1LHS − h1RHS = −1/(s/2+n)/2 + 1/(s+2n) ✓ equal! So linear_combination h1 ✓. But h1's proof: `have e : s / 2 + (n : ℂ) = (s + 2 * (n : ℂ)) / 2 := by ring; rw [e]; field_simp; ring` — after rw [e]: −1/((s+2n)/2)/2 = −1/(s+2n): field_simp: needs (s+2n) ≠ 0 — NOT available! s ≠ −2n ✓ hs0: s + 2n ≠ 0: have. field_simp needs the hypothesis in context: `have hs2n : s + 2 * (n:ℂ) ≠ 0 := by intro hh; exact hs0 (by linear_combination hh)`. Hmm — and even without nonvanishing, the identity −1/((s+2n)/2)/2 = −1/(s+2n) is TRUE even at s = −2n (both sides junk 0? 1/0 = 0: LHS: (s+2n)/2 = 0: 1/0 = 0: −0/2 = 0; RHS: −1/0 = −0 = 0 ✓ actually equal as junk!). But field_simp needs the ne-hypothesis. Since we're at s ≠ −2n: provide it. Actually simpler: 1/(x/2) = 2/x for x ≠ 0: `one_div_div`... the identity: −1/((s+2n)/2)/2: 1/((s+2n)/2) = 2/(s+2n) (div_div...): `one_div_div : 1/(a/b) = b/a` ✓ no side condition! (junk-consistent ✓). So: −1/((s+2n)/2)/2 = −(2/(s+2n))/2 = −1/(s+2n): by rw [e, one_div_div]; ring ✓ NO side conditions: h1: have e : s / 2 + (n : ℂ) = (s + 2 * (n : ℂ)) / 2 := by ring; rw [e, one_div_div]; ring — check: goal −1/(s/2+↑n)/2 = −1/(s+2↑n): rw [e]: −1/((s+2↑n)/2)/2 = ...: one_div_div : 1/(a/b) = b/a: rewrites 1/((s+2↑n)/2) → (s+2↑n)/2: goal: −((s+2↑n)/2)/2 = −1/(s+2↑n)?? WRONG — one_div_div gives 1/(a/b) = b/a: b/a = (s+2n)/2/(s+2n)... no wait: 1/((s+2n)/2) with a = (s+2n), b = 2: = 2/(s+2n) ✓ (one_div_div : 1/(a/b) = b/a ✓). So after rw: −(2/(s+2↑n))/2 = −1/(s+2↑n): ring — divisions as atoms: 2/X/2 vs 1/X: ring normalizes: 2/X/2 = 2·X⁻¹/2 = X⁻¹ = 1/X ✓ ring handles ✓ (field hom identities with inverses as atoms... ring can prove 2*x⁻¹/2 = x⁻¹? ring normal form for fields: yes, treats x⁻¹ as atom and 2*y/2 = y ✓). Let me rewrite the whole Fexpr_eventually_neg_two_mul with the restructure. Also fix `Metric.eventually_nhdsWithin_iff` — check its exact form: `Metric.eventually_nhdsWithin_iff : (∀ᶠ x in 𝓝[≠] a, p x) ↔ ∃ ε > 0, ∀ x, dist x a < ε → x ≠ a → p x`? hmm the set version: 𝓝[s] a: ∃ ε > 0, ∀ x ∈ ball a ε, x ∈ s → p x?? The punctured: 𝓝[≠] = 𝓝[{a}ᶜ]: so form: ∃ ε > 0, ∀ x ∈ ball a ε, x ∈ {a}ᶜ → p x — x ∈ {a}ᶜ is x ∉ {a} ↔ x ≠ a (mem_singleton_iff). The exact statement — let me check: `Metric.eventually_nhdsWithin_iff : (∀ᶠ x in 𝓝[s] a, p x) ↔ ∃ ε > 0, ∀ x ∈ Metric.ball a ε, x ∈ s → p x` — I believe that's right. So obtain ⟨ε, hε, hball⟩ with hball : ∀ x ∈ ball a ε, x ∈ {a}ᶜ → p x. Membership x ∈ {a}ᶜ : ¬ x ∈ {a} — to apply: hs0 : s ≠ −2n: need s ∈ {−2n}ᶜ: `Set.mem_compl (Set.mem_singleton_iff... )`: hball s hmem (by simp [hs0])? messy — cleaner: (show s ∈ ({-2*(n:ℂ)} : Set ℂ)ᶜ from by simpa using hs0)?? simpa: s ∈ {a}ᶜ ↔ s ∉ {a} ↔ ¬ s = a?? {a} as Set: s ∈ {a} ↔ s = a (mem_singleton_iff) — but wait — {a}ᶜ membership is ¬(s ∈ {a}) = ¬(s = a)... hmm actually Set.singleton membership: s ∈ ({a} : Set ℂ) ↔ s = a ✓. So hball s hmem (by simpa using hs0) — simpa using hs0: hs0 : s ≠ -2*↑n; goal s ∈ {−2*↑n}ᶜ: simp normalizes goal to s ≠ ... ✓ or s = −2↑n → False: `Set.mem_compl_singleton_iff : x ∈ {a}ᶜ ↔ x ≠ a` ✓ exists — use `.mpr hs0`. Let me check Metric.eventually_nhdsWithin_iff exists with that form.
The `Fexpr_eventually_neg_two_mul` block has a flawed ε-handling — let me restructure it (shrink the outer radius to `min 1 ε` from the start) and verify `Metric.eventually_nhdsWithin_iff`.
tool: Bash
input
{
  "command": "cd D:/Python/Quantum/zeta-23-lean/.lake/packages/mathlib && grep -rn \"theorem eventually_nhdsWithin_iff\\b\" Mathlib/Topology/MetricSpace/Pseudo/Basic.lean | head -2 && sed -n \"$(grep -n 'theorem eventually_nhdsWithin_iff\\b' Mathlib/Topology/MetricSpace/Pseudo/Basic.lean | head -1 | cut -d: -f1),+6p\" Mathlib/Topology/MetricSpace/Pseudo/Basic.lean; grep -rn \"theorem mem_compl_singleton_iff\\|lemma mem_compl_singleton_iff\" Mathlib/ -r | head -2",
  "description": "Check eventually_nhdsWithin_iff form"
}
raw content_json (database row)
[{"type":"thinking","thinking":"Wait — there's a design bug in Fexpr_eventually_neg_two_mul: the hlog derivation is convoluted (I extract the pointwise equality from the Eventually via Metric.eventually_nhdsWithin_iff, but my handling of the ε vs dist case has an exfalso branch that's wrong — if ε ≤ dist s (−2n) then s is NOT in the punctured ball of radius ε... but s IS at distance < 1; the Eventually's ε is FIXED — I can't assume dist < ε. The right approach: hWtrivEq : ∀ᶠ s in 𝓝[≠] (−2n), logDeriv ζ s − mult/(s−ρ₀) = Wtriv s. I need the equality at the SPECIFIC point s. The Eventually gives a ball ε. My s is at distance < 1, but maybe ≥ ε!\n\nFix: choose the outer radius to be min(1, ε)? I don't have ε upfront — obtain hWtrivEq's ball FIRST, then set the outer radius := min 1 ε:\n```lean\n  obtain ⟨Wtriv, hWtriv, hWtrivEq⟩ := logDeriv_zeta_sub_mult_div_eventually hζ hne1\n  rw [Metric.eventually_nhdsWithin_iff] at hWtrivEq\n  obtain ⟨ε, hε, hWtrivEq⟩ := hWtrivEq  -- ∀ y, dist y (−2n) < ε → y ≠ −2n → ...\n  ...\n  refine ⟨min 1 ε, by positivity... / lt_min (by norm_num) hε, fun s hs => ?_⟩\n  then dist s < 1 ✓ (s/2-ball) and dist < ε ✓ (the logDeriv equality)\n```\nThat's the clean restructure. Also the hlog block's cast-juggling at the end is messy: h3 : logDeriv ζ s − (zeroMult (−2n):ℂ)/(s − −2n) = Wtriv s; rw [hmult] at h3 gives (↑1:ℂ)?? zeroMult returns ℕ; (zeroMult (−2n) : ℂ) — after rw [hmult]: ((1:ℕ):ℂ)/(s − −2n): Nat.cast_one: (1:ℂ)/...: then e : s − −2↑n = s + 2↑n: rw [e] at h3: then h3 : logDeriv ζ s − ↑(1:ℕ)/(s + 2↑n) = Wtriv s: Nat.cast_one at h3: (1:ℂ): then linear_combination h3' — my convoluted convert is unnecessary: \n```lean\n    have hlog : logDeriv riemannZeta s = Wtriv s + 1 / (s + 2 * (n : ℂ)) := by\n      have h3 := hWtrivEq s (Metric.mem_ball.mpr (by linarith [Metric.mem_ball.mp hs.1] : dist s (-2*(n:ℂ)) < ε)) hs0\n      -- wait hs.1 : s ∈ ball (−2n) (min 1 ε): dist < min 1 ε < ε ✓\n      rw [hmult, Nat.cast_one] at h3\n      have e : s - -2 * (n : ℂ) = s + 2 * (n : ℂ) := by ring\n      rw [e] at h3\n      linear_combination h3\n```\nh3 : logDeriv ζ s − (1:ℂ)/(s + 2↑n) = Wtriv s; goal logDeriv ζ s = Wtriv s + 1/(s + 2↑n): linear_combination h3 ✓ (atoms fine).\n\nAlso the final `linear_combination h1` — let me double check the algebra: goal after rw [hlog, hdig]:\nLHS: (Wtriv s + 1/(s+2n)) − seriesFun s + 1/s + 1/(s−1) − c + (−1/(s/2+n) + Hsub n (s/2))/2\nRHS: Wtriv s − seriesFun s + 1/s + 1/(s−1) − c + Hsub n (s/2)/2\nDifference: 1/(s+2n) + (−1/(s/2+n))/2 vs 0: need 1/(s+2n) − 1/(s/2+n)/2 = 0 ⟺ 1/(s/2+n)/2 = 1/(s+2n): 1/(s/2+n) = 2/(s+2n) ✓ (s/2+n = (s+2n)/2). My h1 : −1/(s/2+n)/2 = −1/(s+2n) — check: −1/(s/2+n)/2 = −(1/(s/2+n))/2 = −(2/(s+2n))/2 = −1/(s+2n) ✓. So linear_combination h1: LHS − RHS = 1/(s+2n) + (−1/(s/2+n))/2 = 1/(s+2n) − 1/(s+2n) = 0 ✓ — linear_combination h1 proves LHS = RHS if LHS − RHS − (h1LHS − h1RHS) = 0 by ring: (1/(s+2n) + (−1/(s/2+n))/2) − (−1/(s/2+n)/2 − −1/(s+2n)) = 1/(s+2n) + X/2 − X/2 − 1/(s+2n) = 0 where X = −1/(s/2+n)... wait h1 : −1/(s/2+n)/2 = −1/(s+2n): h1LHS − h1RHS = −1/(s/2+n)/2 + 1/(s+2n). LHS − RHS = 1/(s+2n) + (−1/(s/2+n))/2 = 1/(s+2n) − 1/(s/2+n)/2. Hmm is 1/(s+2n) − 1/(s/2+n)/2 = h1LHS − h1RHS = −1/(s/2+n)/2 + 1/(s+2n) ✓ equal! So linear_combination h1 ✓.\n\nBut h1's proof: `have e : s / 2 + (n : ℂ) = (s + 2 * (n : ℂ)) / 2 := by ring; rw [e]; field_simp; ring` — after rw [e]: −1/((s+2n)/2)/2 = −1/(s+2n): field_simp: needs (s+2n) ≠ 0 — NOT available! s ≠ −2n ✓ hs0: s + 2n ≠ 0: have. field_simp needs the hypothesis in context: `have hs2n : s + 2 * (n:ℂ) ≠ 0 := by intro hh; exact hs0 (by linear_combination hh)`. Hmm — and even without nonvanishing, the identity −1/((s+2n)/2)/2 = −1/(s+2n) is TRUE even at s = −2n (both sides junk 0? 1/0 = 0: LHS: (s+2n)/2 = 0: 1/0 = 0: −0/2 = 0; RHS: −1/0 = −0 = 0 ✓ actually equal as junk!). But field_simp needs the ne-hypothesis. Since we're at s ≠ −2n: provide it.\n\nActually simpler: 1/(x/2) = 2/x for x ≠ 0: `one_div_div`... the identity: −1/((s+2n)/2)/2: 1/((s+2n)/2) = 2/(s+2n) (div_div...): `one_div_div : 1/(a/b) = b/a` ✓ no side condition! (junk-consistent ✓). So: −1/((s+2n)/2)/2 = −(2/(s+2n))/2 = −1/(s+2n): by rw [e, one_div_div]; ring ✓ NO side conditions:\nh1: have e : s / 2 + (n : ℂ) = (s + 2 * (n : ℂ)) / 2 := by ring; rw [e, one_div_div]; ring\n— check: goal −1/(s/2+↑n)/2 = −1/(s+2↑n): rw [e]: −1/((s+2↑n)/2)/2 = ...: one_div_div : 1/(a/b) = b/a: rewrites 1/((s+2↑n)/2) → (s+2↑n)/2: goal: −((s+2↑n)/2)/2 = −1/(s+2↑n)?? WRONG — one_div_div gives 1/(a/b) = b/a: b/a = (s+2n)/2/(s+2n)... no wait: 1/((s+2n)/2) with a = (s+2n), b = 2: = 2/(s+2n) ✓ (one_div_div : 1/(a/b) = b/a ✓). So after rw: −(2/(s+2↑n))/2 = −1/(s+2↑n): ring — divisions as atoms: 2/X/2 vs 1/X: ring normalizes: 2/X/2 = 2·X⁻¹/2 = X⁻¹ = 1/X ✓ ring handles ✓ (field hom identities with inverses as atoms... ring can prove 2*x⁻¹/2 = x⁻¹? ring normal form for fields: yes, treats x⁻¹ as atom and 2*y/2 = y ✓).\n\nLet me rewrite the whole Fexpr_eventually_neg_two_mul with the restructure. Also fix `Metric.eventually_nhdsWithin_iff` — check its exact form: `Metric.eventually_nhdsWithin_iff : (∀ᶠ x in 𝓝[≠] a, p x) ↔ ∃ ε > 0, ∀ x, dist x a < ε → x ≠ a → p x`? hmm the set version: 𝓝[s] a: ∃ ε > 0, ∀ x ∈ ball a ε, x ∈ s → p x?? The punctured: 𝓝[≠] = 𝓝[{a}ᶜ]: so form: ∃ ε > 0, ∀ x ∈ ball a ε, x ∈ {a}ᶜ → p x — x ∈ {a}ᶜ is x ∉ {a} ↔ x ≠ a (mem_singleton_iff). The exact statement — let me check: `Metric.eventually_nhdsWithin_iff : (∀ᶠ x in 𝓝[s] a, p x) ↔ ∃ ε > 0, ∀ x ∈ Metric.ball a ε, x ∈ s → p x` — I believe that's right. So obtain ⟨ε, hε, hball⟩ with hball : ∀ x ∈ ball a ε, x ∈ {a}ᶜ → p x. Membership x ∈ {a}ᶜ : ¬ x ∈ {a} — to apply: hs0 : s ≠ −2n: need s ∈ {−2n}ᶜ: `Set.mem_compl (Set.mem_singleton_iff... )`: hball s hmem (by simp [hs0])? messy — cleaner: (show s ∈ ({-2*(n:ℂ)} : Set ℂ)ᶜ from by simpa using hs0)?? simpa: s ∈ {a}ᶜ ↔ s ∉ {a} ↔ ¬ s = a?? {a} as Set: s ∈ {a} ↔ s = a (mem_singleton_iff) — but wait — {a}ᶜ membership is ¬(s ∈ {a}) = ¬(s = a)... hmm actually Set.singleton membership: s ∈ ({a} : Set ℂ) ↔ s = a ✓. So hball s hmem (by simpa using hs0) — simpa using hs0: hs0 : s ≠ -2*↑n; goal s ∈ {−2*↑n}ᶜ: simp normalizes goal to s ≠ ... ✓ or s = −2↑n → False: `Set.mem_compl_singleton_iff : x ∈ {a}ᶜ ↔ x ≠ a` ✓ exists — use `.mpr hs0`.\n\nLet me check Metric.eventually_nhdsWithin_iff exists with that form.","signature":""},{"type":"text","text":"The `Fexpr_eventually_neg_two_mul` block has a flawed ε-handling — let me restructure it (shrink the outer radius to `min 1 ε` from the start) and verify `Metric.eventually_nhdsWithin_iff`."},{"type":"tool_use","id":"Bash_134","name":"Bash","input":{"command":"cd D:/Python/Quantum/zeta-23-lean/.lake/packages/mathlib && grep -rn \"theorem eventually_nhdsWithin_iff\\b\" Mathlib/Topology/MetricSpace/Pseudo/Basic.lean | head -2 && sed -n \"$(grep -n 'theorem eventually_nhdsWithin_iff\\b' Mathlib/Topology/MetricSpace/Pseudo/Basic.lean | head -1 | cut -d: -f1),+6p\" Mathlib/Topology/MetricSpace/Pseudo/Basic.lean; grep -rn \"theorem mem_compl_singleton_iff\\|lemma mem_compl_singleton_iff\" Mathlib/ -r | head -2","description":"Check eventually_nhdsWithin_iff form"},"extra_content":null}]